<\/span><\/h2>\nNh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed trong kh\u00f3i h\u00e0n kh\u00f3i h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 bay h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0n khi n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Khi ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1i n\u00e0y ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi oxy trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf m\u1ecbn (fine particles). Kho\u1ea3ng 90% ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f3i sinh ra t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n
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H\u00ecnh \u1ea2nh: Kh\u00f3i h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/em><\/p>\nC\u00e1c kh\u00f3i sinh ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau: h\u00e0n mma v\u00e0 fcaw (h\u00e0n h\u1ed3 quang b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y) t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 kh\u00f3i sinh ra s\u1ebd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n do ph\u1ea3i thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t l\u1edbp thu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 que h\u00e0n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n. H\u00e0n kh\u00ed n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3i sinh ra s\u1ebd nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb v\u1eadt h\u00e0n h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n kh\u00e1c.
\nC\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 0.01 \u2013 1 micron. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y g\u00e2y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n r\u1ea5t cao. C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00e0ng b\u00e9 th\u00ec nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u00e0ng cao do ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c l\u1edbp l\u1ecdc \u1edf m\u0169i ng\u0103n l\u1ea1i.
\nNgo\u00e0i ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1t sinh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 trong nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng, khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n
<\/span>K\u00edch c\u1ee1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a th\u1ee3 h\u00e0n<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\nC\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00f3i h\u00e0n c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc trong kho\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 0.01 – 1 micron t\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 1- 2 micron \u1edf v\u00f9ng th\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u00e0n x\u00ec. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y s\u1ebd g\u00e2y c\u00e1c k\u00edch \u1ee9ng t\u1edbi h\u1ec7 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 5 micron s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 vfa ch\u1eb7n l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf t\u1eeb 0.1- 5 micron s\u1ebd \u0111i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 \u1edf trong \u0111\u00f3.
\nM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 h\u00e0n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00f3i h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0: vi\u00eam ph\u00ea qu\u1ea3ng, vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i, hen suy\u1ec5n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 m\u1eaft, da\u2026<\/p>\n
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H\u00ecnh \u1ea2nh: C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00f3i h\u00e0n c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nguy h\u1ea1i cao<\/em><\/p>\n<\/span>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m t\u1eeb kh\u00f3i h\u00e0n<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\nNh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00f3i h\u00e0n c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 \u1edf tr\u00ean ph\u1ed5i. Theo th\u1eddi gian n\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Theo ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, kh\u00f3i h\u00e0n t\u1eeb h\u00e0n mma v\u00e0 fcaw c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn cr\u00f4m (vi) v\u00e0 mangan, niken v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y nguy h\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cr kho\u1ea3ng 10.5%.<\/p>\n
Trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 h\u00e0n c\u1eaft kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed… Th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 cr\u00f4m h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb vi, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 mangan, pb… Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
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H\u00ecnh \u1ea2nh: Kh\u00f3i h\u00e0n r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/p>\n<\/span>V\u1eady ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3i h\u00e0n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\nBi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n na l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111eo m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 khi h\u00e0n, th\u00eam qu\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 trong x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i cho th\u1ee3 h\u00e0n:<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng h\u01a1i kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ngo\u00e0i ra trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0n khi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u0169 h\u00e0n v\u00e0 k\u00ednh h\u00e0n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea1t, ch\u1ee5p h\u00fat …Tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u01b0u v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n
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H\u00ecnh \u1ea2nh: Trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/em><\/p>\n